Before there were vaccines, diseases such as polio, diphtheria, and measles were one of the main causes of death for Canadians. Nowadays, vaccines have drastically reduced or eliminated many of these infectious diseases. Vaccines work by stimulating our immune system to protect against diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. These vaccines contain parts of a weakened or dead version of the germs. Our immune system recognizes it and provides immunities by making antibodies that can attack the live version of the virus. Not only does this help you stay healthy, but it also slows down or stops the disease from spreading. Some vaccines provide long-term protection, while others require booster shots or doses given at regular intervals in order to provide continued protection.

Why Vaccinate?

Vaccinations provide individuals of all ages with immunity from many diseases, which also helps to protect the health of our community. As a result of vaccinations, a smaller number of people will be infected with the disease and, therefore, there will be fewer people to spread the disease to others.

Who Should Receive Vaccinations?

Vaccinations are important for all but especially for infants and children. This population has underdeveloped immune systems, which can increase their risk of becoming very sick. Also, certain jobs or situations may put us at risk for specific diseases. As adults, we might not have received all the vaccines as children or other new vaccines that are now available. For those who travel, there are recommended vaccinations that protect against germs that present a greater risk in that region.

By having personal and community-wide commitment to vaccination programs, diseases such as polio, diphtheria, measles, and whooping cough can remain rare. These diseases spread from person to person and can cause serious long term health problems or premature death.

The following table shows the positive effects of immunization programs in Canada:

* Table adapted from: Canadian Coalition for Immunization Awareness & Promotion (n.d.). Immunization: Our best defence. Retrieved July 17, 2006, from http://www.immunize.cpha.ca/english/poster/immunize/2005/defence.pdf

How Safe Are Vaccines?

Vaccines in Canada are extremely safe with primarily minor and temporary side effects, like a sore arm or mild fever. Vaccines are subject to very stringent controls, regulations, and licensing processes. Serious side effects are a rarity and the benefits of immunization far outweigh the risks.

Minimizing Risks

Vaccines provide the most effective, longest-lasting method of protection against infectious diseases in all age groups. Do your part by making sure that you and your children get the recommended vaccinations at the right time and get adult booster shots at recommended intervals. To learn more about recommended vaccinations, speak with your doctor, nurse practitioner, or local health department.

Key References

Public Health Agency of Canada (2005). Vaccine safety: Misconceptions about vaccines and facts. Retrieved June 29, 2006, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/im/vssv/factsfigs_e.html

Canadian Coalition for Immunization Awareness & Promotion (2005).Questions and answers about adult immunization. Retrieved July 17, 2006, from http://www.immunize.cpha.ca/english/hcprovd/provrese/pdf/QandA_e.pdf

Canadian Coalition for Immunization Awareness & Promotion (2004)Immunization, diseases and vaccines. Retrieved July 14, 2006, from http://www.immunize.cpha.ca/english/consumer/con-idv.htm