Malaria, is caused by one of four parasites, mosquitoes that are active from dusk to dawn can transmit all four parasites. Of the four types of parasites, Plasmodium Falciparum (cerebral or malignant malaria) may be fatal within 72 hours if untreated.

Canadian travellers visiting many areas of the world may be at risk for acquiring malaria. Between 300 and 500 million people are infected with malaria each year, and approximately one million will die as a result.

The signs and symptoms of malaria may include, but are not limited to:

• Sudden onset of fever and flu-like illness
• Chills
• Headache
• Malaise (generally not feeling well)
• Myalgia (muscle aches)
• Anemia (low blood hemoglobin)
• Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin)

Complications arising from malaria include:

• Seizure
• Shock
• Mental confusion
• Lung and kidney failure
• Coma
• Death

Malaria symptoms can develop one week after exposure, or several months after returning from a risk area. Fever in a returning traveller should be considered a medical emergency. Prompt blood testing; which includes thick and thin blood smears is required (call your local lab for instructions if not familiar with this diagnostic procedure).

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) strongly recommends travellers obtain individual risk assessments eight to twelve weeks prior to departure to determine malaria risk; as well as appropriate malaria prophylaxis (medication). Travellers should be counselled on the various forms of personal protective measures to avoid mosquito bites. It is vital that clients adhere to the prescribed regimen of chemoprophylaxis medication, use protective measures, and understand the signs and symptoms of malaria prior to, during, and after travel. The traveller should also understand the severity of malaria, and seek adequate medical attention if malaria is suspected.

Call the Health Unit at 258-2146 ext. 1872 if you have any questions.